Complex early seral forests, or snag forests, are ecosystems that occupy potentially forested sites after a stand-replacement disturbance and before re-establishment of a closed forest canopy.[1] They are generated by natural disturbances such as wildfire or insect outbreaks that reset ecological succession processes and follow a pathway that is influenced by biological legacies (e.g., large live trees and snags, downed logs, seed banks, resprout tissue, fungi, and other live and dead biomass) that were not removed during the initial disturbance.[2][3] Complex early seral forests develop with rich biodiversity because the remaining biomass provides resources to many life forms and because of habitat heterogeneity provided by the disturbances that generated them.[4][5] In this and other ways, complex early seral forests differ from simplified early successional forests created by logging. Complex early seral forest habitat is threatened from fire suppression, thinning, and post-fire or post-insect outbreak logging.[6][7][8]
- ^ Swanson, Mark E; Franklin, Jerry F; Beschta, Robert L; Crisafulli, Charles M; DellaSala, Dominick A; Hutto, Richard L; Lindenmayer, David B; Swanson, Frederick J (2011-03-01). "The forgotten stage of forest succession: early-successional ecosystems on forest sites". Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 9 (2): 117–125. Bibcode:2011FrEE....9..117S. doi:10.1890/090157. hdl:1885/60278. ISSN 1540-9309.
- ^ Franklin, Jerry F.; Lindenmayer, David; MacMahon, James A.; McKee, Arthur; Magnuson, John; Perry, David A.; Waide, Robert; Foster, David (2000-01-01). "Threads of Continuity". Conservation in Practice. 1 (1): 8–17. doi:10.1111/j.1526-4629.2000.tb00155.x. ISSN 1552-5228.
- ^ Donato, Daniel C.; Fontaine, Joseph B.; Robinson, W. Douglas; Kauffman, J. Boone; Law, Beverly E. (2009). "Vegetation response to a short interval between high-severity wildfires in a mixed-evergreen forest". Journal of Ecology. 97 (1): 142–154. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01456.x. ISSN 1365-2745.
- ^ Odion, Dennis C.; Sarr, Daniel A. (2007-07-16). "Managing disturbance regimes to maintain biological diversity in forested ecosystems of the Pacific Northwest". Forest Ecology and Management. Biodiversity Management in Pacific Northwest Forests: Strategies and Opportunities.Selected Papers from the conference on "Managing Biodiversity in Pacific Northwest Forests", Portland, Oregon, June 5–7, 2006. 246 (1): 57–65. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.03.050.
- ^ DellaSala, Dominick A.; Bond, Monica L.; Hanson, Chad T.; Hutto, Richard L.; Odion, Dennis C. (2014). "Complex Early Seral Forests of the Sierra Nevada: What are They and How Can They Be Managed for Ecological Integrity?". Natural Areas Journal. 34 (3): 310–324. doi:10.3375/043.034.0317. S2CID 84946817.
- ^ Hutto, Richard L.; Gallo, Susan M. (2006-11-01). "The effects of postfire salvage logging on cavity-nesting birds". The Condor. 108 (4): 817–831. doi:10.1650/0010-5422(2006)108[817:TEOPSL]2.0.CO;2. ISSN 0010-5422. S2CID 44060667.
- ^ Hanson, Chad T.; North, Malcolm P. (2008-11-01). "Postfire Woodpecker Foraging in Salvage-Logged and Unlogged Forests of the Sierra Nevada". The Condor. 110 (4): 777–782. doi:10.1525/cond.2008.8611. ISSN 0010-5422. S2CID 54067783.
- ^ Hutto, Richard L. (2008). "The Ecological Importance of Severe Wildfires: Some Like It Hot". Ecological Applications. 18 (8): 1827–1834. Bibcode:2008EcoAp..18.1827H. doi:10.1890/08-0895.1. ISSN 1939-5582. PMID 19263880.
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